Effects of the Gardasil Vaccination

Effects of the Gardasil Vaccination Obispo, Stacey L. Vaccinations Despite the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) acknowledging vaccinations as one of top 10 impressive public health accomplishments of the twentieth century (Malone Hinman), vaccines have still been cause for debate over the years. Fears over the years have resonated over vaccination risks and side effects. Sadly, parental unacceptance of general childhood vaccinations may have been persuaded from accepting incorrect beliefs (Gamble, Klosky, Parra, Randolph, 2010). For example, the early childhood vaccination measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) was of recent controversy because many believed it caused autism (Gamble, et al., 2010). Gamble, et al. (2010) found that this controversy along with some vaccines inability to be fully successful with some recipients has contradicted vaccine effectiveness. As a result some parents within the public question whether all vaccinations which have risks will outweigh the benefits. Today I implore all parents to listen to the research and s cientifically proven information I am going to share about vaccines so that your questions about its effectiveness can be put to rest. In addition, I will share with you pertinent facts that you should know about the vaccine Gardasil so that you can make an informed choice as to whether you should get your child vaccinated. Balancing one’s individual rights with the rights of society to prevent their own illness versus the need for public health officials to prevent large scale epidemics should be thoughtfully considered. Today we can easily say that societal interest has conflicted with some parents’ interest. This occurs because in our society vaccinations are taken in efforts to not just aid the child from disease and illness rather, it is done to protect and prevent diseases and illnesses from the whole community. The way to balance individual rights with the rights of society regarding preventing individual illness and large scale epidemics is by modeling the practices of the US government regarding vaccinations. The CDC states that some individuals argue that every adult with an s sound mental capacity should have the right to choose what should be done to their body (Malone Hinman). The CDC’s response to such an argument was directed to the Supreme Court ruling on Jacobson vs. Massachusetts which upheld the rights of states to mandate vaccinations (Malone Hinman). The rationale behind the court ruling was this: As long state wide vaccinations exist because of the need to prevent outbreaks of disease individual rights should not be held .The idea that one should have a choice in regard to their own being cannot be upheld because each being affect others .In other words, as long as humans remain social creatures , personal privacy and choice in regards to required vaccinations cannot exist. Each individual makes up a whole community. The ruling concluded that if all individuals had the choice to choose whether or not they should be vaccinated public health and public safety can becom e endangered when epidemics arise (Malone Hinman). The ruling on Jacobson vs. Massachusetts is enacted to ensure that through vaccinations disease prevention is granted to everyone. The ruling allowed states to have police power regarding vaccinations (Malone Hinman). With police power, states are then empowered by the Constitution to make sure those rationale guidelines that were recognized by legislative depiction as will safeguard public health and safety ruing empowered states (Malone Hinman). Another way states make sure that its constituents are getting vaccinated is through mandating school laws and prohibiting school enrollment to children who have not been vaccinated(Malone Hinman). States have the authority to assert authority of the welfare of a child (Malone Hinman). This is called parens patriae. Under this doctrine the Supreme Court states that there are no rights of religion or parenthood that are beyond limitation (Malone Hinman). Furthermore, the Justices state that one’s right to practice religion freely does not give one the liberty to expose the child or community to communicable disease, ill health, or even death (Malone Hinman). Despite these safe guards that our government has enacted, there is exemptions that are offered for individuals who elect not to get vaccinated. Currently 48 states have exemption laws which ensure that religious and in some cases philosophic beliefs are protected and allow such individuals to be excluded from vaccinations (Malone Hinman). Although these individuals have no constitutional rights under religious or philosophic beliefs, states allow these individuals to practice their freedoms (Malone Hinman). This delicate balance appears to be working well since their has been an growth in numbers of vaccines being presented with a majority of the public taking them and a commonly low level of observable risk from disease (Malone Hinman). The vaccine Gardasil protects against precancerous lesions, such as CIN1/2/3,VIN2/3, cervical cancer triggered by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18, and it also is a defense against infection and disease produced by HPV6 and11 as well as genital warts (Dominiak-Felden, et al., 2013). The age of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices state that the HPV vaccination is targeted for females aged 11 and 12 years through the series of 3 injections given over 6 months (Gamble, et al., 2010).Boys ages 9-26 can be given the vaccination to prevent genital warts caused by the HPV (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014). The vaccine is approved to be given to girls, boys, women and men that are within the ages of 9-26 years (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014) . The vaccine Gardasil is intended for administration before sexual onset (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014). The HPV virus can be transmitted through: oral and digital infection by digital –genital contact or genital digit al contact, vaginal and anal intercourse (Gamble, et al., 2010). The Gardasil vaccine prevents spread of HPV. Around 70% of sexually active people will contract the Human Papillomavirus within their lifetime (Dominiak-Felden, et al., 2013). The HPV genotypes 16 and 18 have been accountable for approximately 73% of cervical cancers as well as the bulk of HPV-related vulval and vaginal cancers (Dominiak-Felden, et al., 2013). In addition 90% of genital warts affecting men and women are HPV 6 and 11(Dominiak-Felden, et al., 2013). The vaccine Gardasil prevents the transmission of HPV 16 and 18, HPV 6 and 11, and cervical cancers(Dominiak-Felden, et al., 2013). On the individual level the impact of contracting HPV can be devastating because in some cases genital warts develop or even cancers (Dominiak-Felden, et al., 2013). This can effect not just the quality of one’s sexual life but their life expectancy because in some cervical cancer remains undiagnosed until it’s too late for treatment. The decline of HPV can only be accomplished by targeting the cariogenic types of HPV, making sure the protection is resilient, targeting the appropriate at risk population, and by ensuring that the medical community and public adhere to the recommended screening guidelines(Gamble, et al., 2010).In fact the American Cancer society estimates that 70% of cervical cancers can be prevented if HPV vaccinations are given over several decades(Gamble, et al., 2010). The most common side effects associated with HPV vaccine Gardasil include: fainting, vomiting, dizziness, nausea, headache ,fever, and at the injection site; pain, swelling ,itching, bruising, and redness (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014). Like all vaccinations there can be an allergic reaction. Signs of an allergic reaction include: difficulty breathing, rash hives, and wheezing (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014). Inform your child’s doctor if after vaccination they have: chills, skin infection, bleeding or bruising more than normal, swollen glands, joint pain, unusual tiredness, overall feeling of being unwell, pain in the leg, shortness of breath, chest pain, aching muscles, or seizure. (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014). Remember the vaccine Gardasil has been evaluated and approved for use by the FDA and safety is continually evaluated by the CDC for safety on an ongoing basis (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014). Psycho-social impacts of whether the Gardasil vaccination will be utilized is associated with doctors recommendations, parental views and adolescences attitudes (Gamble, et al., 2010). Health care attitudes and recommendations by doctors impact families because their views influence whether an individual will get vaccinated with Gardasil. For instance, if the pediatricians attitude and intention is to promote the HPV vaccine research has shown that they will have a successful delivery(Gamble, et al., 2010). The choice as to whether a parent will immunize their child can be influenced by their cultural beliefs and also by a parents view or personal factors regarding one’s susceptibility to HPV(Gamble, et al., 2010). Research documented by Gamble, et al., (2010) states that parents who make the decision to vaccinate against sexually transmitted infections are inclined to do so based on their personal beliefs and their adolescent’s attitudes about contraception use. Parents who have open communication regarding sex with their child have the tendency to vaccinate against HPV(Gamble, et al., 2010).Adolescent attitudes regarding HPV vaccination have been found to be similar to parental views(Gamble, et al., 2010). A concern that may arise from some parents who may consider giving their adolescent the vaccination is; will the vaccination give my child permission to become sexually active because they have been vaccinated against HPV? According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (2013) research studies demonstrate that children who receive the HPV vaccine do not engage in sex any sooner than those who have been given other teen vaccines. Essentially the findings indicate that children do not see the HPV vaccine as a license to engage in sexual activity (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2013). In conclusion, parents vaccinating your children with Gardasil will not make them prematurely sexually active. The benefits of taking Gardasil can lessen their risks at cancers and genital warts. This preventive vaccine has the potentially to reduce cervical cancers by 73% and vulvular cancers by 50%. The side effects associated with taking Gardasil are no different than other vaccines your children have already been given. Being uncomfortable about having a conversation about HPV and sex should not deter anyone from getting their child vaccinated. The benefits of being vaccinated are far too great to the individual and society as a whole to let a moment of being uncomfortable potentially dictate an individual’s life expectancy. Facts about Gardasil and HPV The vaccine Gardasil protects against precancerous lesions, such as CIN1/2/3,VIN2/3, cervical cancer triggered by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV)16 and 18, and it also is a defense against infection and disease produced by HPV6 and11 as well as genital warts (Dominiak-Felden, et al., 2013). The HPV vaccination is targeted for females aged 11 and 12 years through the series of 3 injections given over 6 months (Gamble, et al., 2010). Boys ages 9-26 can be given the vaccination to prevent genital warts caused by the HPV(Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014). The vaccine is approved to be given to girls, boys, women and men that are within the ages of 9-26 years (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014) . The vaccine Gardasil is intended for administration before sexual onset (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014). The HPV virus can be transmitted through: oral and digital infection by digital –genital contact or genital digital contact, vaginal and anal intercourse (Gamble, et al., 2010). American Academy of Pediatrics (2013) state that children who receive the HPV vaccine do not engage in sex any sooner than those who have been given other teen vaccines. Most common side effects associated with HPV vaccine Gardasil include: fainting, vomiting, dizziness, nausea, headache ,fever, and at the injection site; pain, swelling ,itching, bruising, and redness (Merk- Sharp and Dohme Corp., 2014). References American Academy of Pediatrics. (2013, August 7). Vaccinating your preteen: Addressing common concerns. Retrieved from http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Vaccinating-Your-Preteen-Addressing-Common-Concerns.aspx Dominiak-Felden, G., Cohet, C., Atrux-Tallau, S., Gilet, H., Tristram, A., Fiander, A. (2013). Impact of human papillomavirus-related genital diseases on quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing: results of an observational, health-related quality of life study in the UK. BMC Public Health, 131065. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1065 Gamble, H. L., Klosky, J. L., Parra, G. R., Randolph, M. E. (2010). Factors Influencing Familial Decision-Making Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination. Journal Of Pediatric Psychology, 35(7), 704-715. doi::10.1093/jpepsy/jsp108 Malone, K. M., Hinman, A. R. (n.d.). Vaccination mandates: The public health imperative and individual rights. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov. Merk-Sharp and Dohme-Corp. (2014). Side effects of Gardasil. Retrieved from http://www.gardasil.com/about-gardasil/side-effects-of-gardasil/

Rubin? Yes! Yes! Yes! Essay -- Essays Papers

The vulgar and refreshing paraphrase of a simplified hippy version of what shall be taken as topic: We are so oppressed. Maybe we are not repressed, but come on. We are so oppressed. Malcolm X knew it, Catharine MacKinnon knew it. Everyone knows it. One way we are oppressed is sexually. We might not just be repressed, while we still clearly are because there are laws and things. But, come on. Even if sexuality is socially constructed, it’s still very material, it is out there as much as anything - words are actions too. Gayle Rubin’s Thinking Sex considers the political history of sex regulation, its current form, and a bit of theory about sexuality and its discourses. At the very apex of the flow of the article towards freedom in sexual practice, she draws the line at consent, straining out bad sex from good sex on the line in the sand of what is agreed to and what is not. Rubin’s piece fails to take seriously the History of Sexuality that she relies on for her rejection of political regulations about sexuality, and thus ends up advocating the consent limitation that recapitulates all the problems and fancies she finds in sexual legislation. Rubin bemoans the oppressive laws that tell people what sexual practices are to be accepted and unaccepted, as if laws were to be obeyed - a presumption that already constitutes a particular type of subject in relation to a kind of power (the power of/in Law). Because we are so oppressed, unable to choose between sexual practices, we should give up these overrated relics of good sexuality and bad. Instead let everyone do anything, so long as they practice the vaunted ritual of consent. And while consent may be hard to locate, and does have problems, it should still b... ...it in the settled form Rubin’s partial agenda of consent relies on for its humanist restraints, as if recapitulating prevalent representations of the control of nuclear weapons - on a hair trigger, under control, mutually assured, and yet therefore also for these assurances mutually constitutive on the other side of the trigger and self-deploying in their fluxes of power and selves. Sexuality can be much more exciting for â€Å"bodies and pleasures† (Foucault 157) than this half-hearted effort lets itself argue. Why respond to a demand for bread with the offer to let them eat consent? WORKS CITED Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: Volume One. Vintage Books: New York, 1978. Rubin, Gayle. â€Å"Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality.† in Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality. ed. Vance, Carole. Pandora: London, 1992.

Communication Theories Matrix Essay

Instructions: Complete the following matrix by filling in the box for each of the five communication theories with the following four items: the theory definition, the main principles of the theory, a real-world theory example, and an application of each theory to virtual communication. Theory definition Main principles of the theory Real-world theory example Application of each theory to virtual communication Social Exchange Theory Theory that attempts to explain human behavior in terms as behavioral psychology. The main principle of this theory is social relationships are the outcome of an exchange process with the purpose of maximizing the benefits and minimizing costs. An example of this theory is asking someone out on a date, but you dislike the fact that he/she lacks money or good looks, but he/she is caring and fun to hang out with the therefore you go because the benefits outweigh the cost. The rewards of virtual communication include freedom from the constraints of time and space but the costs is the possibility for misunderstanding when we are not able to see each other’s facial expressions or tone of voice. Systems Theory Systems theory is an open system of interdependent elements, employing input variables and process variables to yield output. The main principle is to receive input, process input and yield an output An example would be in a group you collectively develop a task from input and expect productivity as a output. Connection through the internet can alter patterns in many ways making the system more open. Symbolic Convergence Theory Theory of communication that explains how certain  types of communication shape a group’s identity and culture, which in turn influence other dynamics. Share group fantasies create symbolic convergence.  In a business symbolic convergence is used to determine what the customers like about the business and that allows the business to cater to the customer. In, virtual communication the possibilities for visual, verbal, or auditory communication can make new avenues for fantasy themes and group identity. Structuration Theory Theory that provides a general framework  and explains how people structure their groups by making active use of rules and resources. The main function of this theory is to focus attention on individuals’ behaviors in groups rather than on dynamics of groups. Basketball team is a example of structuration theory, because it has structure and rules that all members must follow. The coach is the leader and implements the rules for the team to follow. use of computers, e-mail,  and the internet as resources can expand the repertoire of structures available to group members. Functional Theory Communication in groups that functions to promote sound reasoning, prevent errors, and build relationships among all members. Focus on results and outcomes of group behaviors and structure. In a group where members use this theory to make decisions and to solve problems. Use of virtual group communication to enhance areas of group interaction by extending dialogue beyond a meeting room.

Fascist Consolidation essays

Fascist Consolidation essays Mussolini in Power faced problem a minority PM (prime minister) he had to manufactured report. He did not come to power as result of a popular majority. Mussolini offered order in society means unity. The acerbolaw made by Gia Como Acerbolaw he proposed a bill on electoral reform. The bill proposed that, that the party policy the most vote provided the gained at least 25 % would be given 2 % of seats in parliament. The remaining seals will be divided perpassionately. Bill received over whelming support in Parliament from Liberals in particular. In part this can be explained in terms of fear, the black shirts roomed the chamber before the vote. Also their fear of the left and the Fascists image of law and order. The Renault approved the law Nevember 1923 in April 1924. Despite the new electoral laws Fascist continuer to use violence and electoral fraud. The fascist and their allies won 66% of the vote. Out of 535 seats Fascist gained 374 seat. (They infact didnt need the Acerbolaw). When the new parliament met opposition tried to high light the Fascist action. In particular and in his book fascist exposed. He detached the violence and election that had gone on. On 10th of June 1924 Fascist kidnapped him and murdered him. This went plunged Mussolini and his government in crisis. At the end of June opposition deputies walked out of parliament (known as the aventone secession). Forcing the King to sack Mussolini public opinion limed against the PM which looked helpless. Fascist Coalitions to fragment.(the right wing and liberals started to unsupportable allies). A Senito Fascist Rossi wrote a testament implication implicating Mussolini in the murder and other crimes published in news papers. Even the black shirts started to turn against Mussoli ...

Frida essays

Frida essays Frida Kahlo is a Mexican painter, born on July 6, 1907 and dead on July 13, 1954. Frida claimed to be born on 1910, the year of the outbreak of the Mexican revolution, because she wanted her life to began together with the modern Mexico. This detail well introduces us to a singular personality, characterized by her childhood, which was a deep sense of independence and rebellion against social and moral ordinary habits. She was moved by passion and sensuality, proud of her "Mexicanidad"(he was not Mexican, a white immigrant to Mexico) and cultural tradition set against the reigning Americanization: everything mixed with a peculiar sense of humor. Her life was marked by physical suffering, it started with the polio she contracted at the age of five and worsened by her life-dominating event which occurred in 1925. A bus accident caused severe injuries to her body owing to a pole that pierced her from the stomach to the pelvis. The accident left her with a broken spinal column, a broken collarbone, broken ribs, a broken pelvis, and 11 fractures in her right leg. In addition her right foot was dislocated and crushed, and her shoulder was out of joint. For a month, Frida was forced to stay flat on her back, encased in a plaster cast and enclosed in a boxlike structure. The medicine of her time tortured her body with surgical operations (32 throughout her life), corsets of different kinds and mechanical "stretching" systems. Lots of her works were painted laying in the bed. Because of these physical conditions Frida was never able to have any children and this was a great sorrow for her. She had a great love, Diego Rivera (she married twice with this man and dedicated to him a passionate diary) but also a lot of lovers, men and women, such as Leon Trotsky and Andr Breton's wife. Diego and Frida were married on August 21,1929. Their marriage consisted of love, affairs with other people, creative bonding, hat ...

Poverty-Inequality Reduction in India Term Paper

Poverty-Inequality Reduction in India - Term Paper Example With about two third of the population living in the rural area, even urban poverty stems from the rural migration to the city. This paper is to take as through the various ways taken by the government in trying to reduce poverty. Besides, a person should be in a position to understand the poverty and inequality experienced in India. In addition, it is vital to understand the human poverty in India for the proper understanding of the topic of poverty inequality reduction in India. India has been experiencing a less impressive growth when compared to China; however, compared with other developing countries the economic growth in India has been more impressing. The GPD of India has been on the rise for the last two decades. One of the major attributes to this growth in GDP, is based on the fact that India has experienced a reduction in population growth. In increase in the per Capita and the GDP has been linked to the amount of structural change (Ghosh, Madhusudan, pg 3). The rate of investment has increased over time. This situation has made India to have an increase in per capita growth, and this stands to about 36% increase, from the periods of 1990s. At the same time, the GDP level of Agriculture has decreased and is now found on the predictable line. However, not all sectors have experienced some economic growth or development. For instance, since 1990s, the secondary sector has not experienced some growth. On the sector of the tertiary sector, really incr eased and now accounts for almost half of the income of the nation. The change experienced in the output shares did not go hand in hand with an equal change in the workforce distribution. This has been continuing despite of the reduction on the agricultural share and the collapse of employment generated from agricultural in the current decades. For the last two decades, the investment high rate has not contributed to a grater

Juvenliles Committing Violent Crimes Research Paper

Juvenliles Committing Violent Crimes - Research Paper Example In most jurisdictions this means they cannot be tried as adults and put in jail. However, in other areas, new laws indicate that they can be prosecuted and executed for the crimes they commit (Diane Publishing Company, 1997). As times change, under age offenders have to pay the price for the crimes they commit. In some instances the punishment is very harsh. This essay will give a summary of juveniles committing violent crimes and how the youths end up in prisons. Introduction A juvenile is a minor who has committed criminal offences either against the state or other individuals. The crimes committed by juveniles are real menace to society. Juveniles are held responsible for the crimes they might have committed in a juvenile court. During the recent past, juveniles have been getting away with light sentences over the crimes they have committed. However, recently they are being tried and persecuted as adult criminals who have broken the law. It is assumed that if they are old enough t o commit some crimes, then they are liable to face the law as any other party doing a crime. The rise in violent crimes has seen them being executed since the magnitude of these crimes is heavy. These crimes are mostly done to their peers or other juveniles (Diane Publishing Company, 1997). ... It is quite clear that minors who commit serious crimes, for example, a murder, do not fully understand the value of life. They often think that since they are minors, the punishment against them will be light. This, as earlier seen, is not always the case nowadays. Juveniles are often given lighter sentences since they are not held eligible for punishment that is accorded to their adult counterparts. Gone are the days where this would be true. A number of juveniles are facing the death sentence due to crimes they committed in their teens (Cassel & Bernstein, 2007). According to some law enforcement agencies, violent crimes include: aggravated assault, rape, robbery and homicide. Juveniles committing or thinking of committing a crime will have to think twice because of the possibility of harsh sentences that can be imposed on them. Juveniles are now being given death sentences due to the violent crimes they commit. This has led to a sharp decrease in crimes like murders being committ ed by juveniles. It can be assumed that they are afraid of the consequences once they are caught (Cassel & Bernstein, 2007). The homicide cases that involve minors have also recorded a significant decrease due to this. It is sometimes assumed that all those involved in crimes as minors are as a result of broken homes, abusive parents and difficult childhoods. This assumption may bear some truth in it. These are the factors that come into play that need to be focused on when thinking of prosecuting a juvenile (Diane Publishing Company, 1997). The fact that juveniles have to grow up with survival instincts they might have picked while growing up end up being the cause of their troubles. This is because they